Common Hebrew Terms:
 
Moed - Appointed times / seasons
Shabbat - sabbath day
Shalom - Peace.  Used as a greeting for both hello and goodbye.
Shofar - ram's horn
Tallit / Tallis - prayer shawl
Adonai - literally translated as Lord.  Often used in replacement for pronouncing         G-d's most Holy Name for the sake of reverence.
HaShem - literally means 'The Name.' This is also used for sake of reverence to            His Holy Name.
Cohen - Priest
Ruach HaKodesh - Holy Spirit
Yom - a day or period of time.
Kadosh - Holy
Tanakh - Old Testament.  Comprised of the Torah, Naviim (Prophets), and Ketuvim (writings).
B'rit Chadashah - New Testament
Oneg - Meal served during Shabbat.
 
(many more terms / detail soon to come)
 
Hebrew Terms